【Megazyme】Enzyme Substrates:Carbohydrates
3. Carbohydrates
Introduction to Carbohydrates
Megazyme offers a broad range of carbohydrates for scientists involved in enzyme research, acting as the sole global supplier for a number of unique carbohydrates.
Our best-in-class purity and reputation for quality have resulted in longstanding relationships with some of the foremost research institutes in the world.
While dyed polysaccharide and colourimetric oligosaccharide-based assays are certainly the most convenient methods for the assay of hydrolytic enzymes, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, as the native substrates encountered by carbohydrate hydrolases in nature, can give the truest insight into their mechanism of action, active site requirements, binding affinities and activities.
a) Polysaccharides
Traditionally, endo-acting carbohydrate hydrolases have been measured using the native polysaccharide as the
enzymatic substrate, followed by quantification of the increase in reducing sugar or decrease in viscosity of the
substrate solution on hydrolysis.
Reducing-sugar methods can be used for the assay of pure enzyme solutions but are unsuitable for use with
crude enzyme extracts that may already contain reducing sugars. Viscosity reduction methods are specific for
endo-hydrolase activity but are tedious to perform and require specialist equipment.
Key features of Megazyme’s polysaccharides
√ Suitable for analysis of purified enzymes
√ Quantitative assay
√ Suitable for gel/agar plate activity screening
√ Suitable for endo-acting enzymes
× Suitable for analysis of crude enzyme extracts
× Chemically defined substrate
× Suitable for automation
× Suitable for exo-acting enzymes
Our range of polysaccharides
Product |
Product Code |
Enzyme Activity |
Amylose (potato) |
P-AMYL |
α-Amylase |
β-Limit Dextrin |
P-BLDX |
α-Amylase |
Arabinan (sugar beet) |
P-ARAB |
endo-1,5-α-Arabinanase |
Xyloglucan (tamarind) |
P-XYGLN |
endo-Cellulase / endo-1,4-β-Glucanase |
Glucomannan (konjac; low viscosity) |
P-GLCML |
endo-Cellulase / endo-1,4-β-Glucanase |
Levan |
P-LEVAN |
endo-Levanase / endo-Fructanase |
Galactan (potato) |
P-GALPOT |
endo-1,4-β-Galactanase |
Lichenan (Icelandic moss) |
P-LICHN |
Lichenase / endo-β-Glucanase |
β-Glucan MW standard |
P-MWBGS |
|
β-Glucan (barley; low viscosity) |
P-BGBL |
|
β-Glucan (barley; medium viscosity) |
P-BGBM |
|
β-Glucan (barley; high viscosity) |
P-BGBH |
|
β-Glucan (oat; medium viscosity) |
P-BGOM |
|
β-Glucan CFA standard |
P-BGCFA |
|
1,3-alpha-Glucan (Mutan) |
P-AGLU13 |
- |
CM-Curdlan |
P-CMCUR |
endo-1,3-β-Glucanase |
β-Glucan (yeast; alkali soluble) |
P-BGYST |
endo-1,3-β-Glucanase |
Product |
Product Code |
Enzyme Activity |
1,2-β-Glucan |
P-BGLU12 |
endo-1,2-β-Glucanase |
Mannan (ivory nut) |
P-MANIV |
endo-1,4-β-Mannanase |
Mannan (1,4-β-D-mannan) |
P-MANCB |
|
Galactomannan (carob; low viscosity) |
P-GALML |
|
Polygalacturonic Acid (from citrus pectin) |
P-PGACIT |
Polygalacturonic Acid (from citrus pectin) |
Rhamnogalacturonan I (potato) |
P-RHAM1 |
Rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase / lyase |
Rhamnogalacturonan (soy bean) |
P-RHAGN |
|
Xylan (beechwood) |
P-XYLNBE |
endo-1,4-β-Xylanase |
Arabinoxylan (rye flour) |
P-RAXY |
|
Arabinoxylan (wheat flour; low viscosity) |
P-WAXYL |
|
Arabinoxylan (wheat flour; medium viscosity) |
P-WAXYM |
|
Arabinoxylan (wheat flour; high viscosity) |
P-WAXYH |
|
Arabinoxylan (wheat flour; for reducing sugar assays) |
P-WAXYRS |
|
Arabinoxylan (wheat flour; insoluble) |
P-WAXYI |
|
Xylan (birchwood, partially acetylated) |
P-ACXYL |
endo-1,4-β-Xylanase / Acetylxylan esterase |
b) Oligosaccharides
Defined oligosaccharide substrates are particularly useful for researchers in the field of glycoscience. These molecules can be used to help characterise either endo- or exo-acting carbohydrate hydrolase enzymes, the activity of which can be measured through reducing sugar methods or HPLC/HPAEC-PAD analysis.
A number of borohydride reduced oligosaccharides are also available. These are particularly useful substrates in reducing sugar assays where the native oligosaccharides, themselves being reducing sugars, can produce a high ‘blank’ absorbance value, thereby reducing the sensitivity of the assay.
Oligosaccharides can also be employed as building blocks for the chemical synthesis of either colourimetric substrates or inhibitors of enzymes of interest.
Key features of Megazyme’s oligosaccharides
√Suitable for analysis of purified enzymes
√Quantitative assay
√Chemically defined substrate
√Suitable for endo-acting enzymes
√Suitable for exo-acting enzymes
× Suitable for analysis of crude enzyme extracts
× Suitable for automation
× Suitable for gel/agar plate activity screening
1,5-α-L-Arabinooligosaccharides
Substrates for endo-1,5-α-arabinanase and α-arabinofuranosidase.
O-ABI DP2 Arabinobiose (syrup)
O-ATR DP3 Arabinotriose (syrup)
O-ATE DP4 Arabinotetraose (syrup)
O-APE DP5 Arabinopentaose (syrup)
O-AHE DP6 Arabinohexaose (powder)
Cellooligosaccharides
Substrates for endo-cellulase, cellobiohydrolase, β-glucosidase and lipid polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO).
O-CTR DP3 Cellotriose
O-CTE DP4 Cellotetraose
O-CPE DP5 Cellopentaose
O-CHE DP6 Cellohexaose
Chito/Chitosanoligosaccharides
Substrates for endo-chitosanase, endo-1,4-chitinase, hexosaminidase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase
O-CHI2 DP2 Diacetyl-chitobiose
O-CHIS2 DP2 Chitosanbiose
O-CHI3 DP3 Triacetyl-chitotriose
O-CHIS3 DP3 Chitosantriose
O-CHI4 DP4 Tetraacetyl-chitotetraose
O-CHIS4 DP4 Chitosantetraose
O-CHI5 DP5 Pentaacetyl-chitopentaose
O-CHIS5 DP5 Chitosanpentaose
O-CHI6 DP6 Hexaacetyl-chitohexaose
1,3:1,4-β-D-Glucooligosaccharides
Substrates for lichenase/β-glucanase and β-glucosidase.
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS)
Substrates for endo-inulinase, β-fructosidase and endo-levanase
O-KTR DP3 1-Kestose
O-KTE DP4 1,1-Kestotetraose
O-KPE DP5 1,1,1-Kestopentaose
O-INU3 DP3 Inulotriose
O-LEV2 DP2 Levanbiose
O-LEV3 DP3 Levantriose
Galactosyl-Sucrose Oligosaccharides
Substrate for α-galactosidase.
O-VER Verbascose
Glucomannooligosaccharides
Substrates and standards for glucomannan degrading enzymes.
O-GMM 1,4-β-D-Glucosyl-D-Mannobiose
1,3-α-D-Glucooligosaccharides
Substrates for endo-1,3-alpha-glucanase (mutanase), exo-1,3-alpha-glucanase
O-NGR DP2 Nigerose
O-NGR3 DP3 Nigerotriose
O-NGR4 DP4 Nigerotetraose
O-NGR5 DP5 Nigeropentaose
O-NGR6 DP6 Nigerohexaose
1,3-β-D-Glucooligosaccharides
Substrates for endo-1,3-β-glucanase (laminarinase), exo-1,3-β-glucanase and β-glucosidase
O-LAM2 DP2 Laminaribiose
O-LAM3 DP3 Laminaritriose
O-LAM4 DP4 Laminaritetraose
O-LAM5 DP5 Laminaripentaose
O-LAM6 DP6 Laminarihexaose
Isomaltooligosaccharides
Substrates for endo-1,6-β-dextranase and oligo-β-1,6-glucosidase.
O-IMO2 DP2 Isomaltose
O-IMO3 DP3 Isomaltotriose
Maltooligosaccharides
Substrates for a-amylase and b-amylase.
O-MAL3 DP3 Maltotriose
O-MAL4 DP4 Maltotetraose
O-MAL5 DP5 Maltopentaose
O-MAL6 DP6 Maltohexaose
O-MAL7 DP7 Maltoheptaose
O-MAL8 DP8 Maltooctaose
1,4-β-D-Xylooligosaccharides
Substrates for endo-1,4-β-xylanase and β-xylosidase
O-XBI DP2 Xylobiose
O-XTR DP3 Xylotriose
O-XTE DP4 Xylotetraose
O-XPE DP5 Xylopentaose
O-XHE DP6 Xylohexaose
Arabinoxylooligosaccharides
Substrates for α-arabinofuranosidase, β-xylosidase and endo-1,4-β-xylanase.
O-A3X 32-α-L-Arabinofuranosyl-xylobiose (A3X)
O-A2XX 23-α-L-Arabinofuranosyl-xylotriose (A2XX)
O-A23XX 23,33-di-α-L-Arabinofuranosyl-xylotriose (A2+3XX)
O-XA3XX 33-α-L-Arabinofuranosyl-xylotetraose (XA3XX)
Oligogalacturonides
Substrates for β-galacturonanase.
O-GALA2 Digalacturonic acid
O-GALA3 Trigalacturonic acid
O-GALA4 Tetragalacturonic acid
1,2-β-D-Glucooligosaccharides
Substrates for endo-1,2-β-glucanase, exo-1,2-β-glucanase and β-glucosidase
O-SOPH Sophorose
O-SOPH3 Sophorotriose
O-SOPH4 Sophorotetraose
O-SOPH5 Sophoropentaose
O-SOPH6 Sophorohexaose
点在看，传递你的品味
