Alamanda常见问题汇总

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alamanda-polymers

常见问题汇总

▍▏Q1: What is a polyamino acid?

A polyamino acid, sometimes also called polypeptide, is a synthetic biopolymer made from amino acid repeating units, i.e. -[NH-CHR-CO]x-.

问题一：什么是聚氨基酸？

回答：聚氨基酸有时也称为多肽，是由氨基酸重复单元制成的合成生物聚合物，即-[NH-CHR-CO]x-。

▍▏Q2: What are the main applications of polyamino acids?

Polyamino acids are used in various medical and biological applications such:
- cell adhesion
- drug delivery
- gene therapy
- diagnostic
- oncology
- antibacterial
- antifungal
- surface chemistry

问题二：聚氨基酸的主要应用有哪些？

回答：聚氨基酸用于各种医疗和生物应用，例如：细胞粘附，药物传递，基因治疗，诊断、肿瘤学，抗菌抗真菌，表面化学等。

▍▏Q3: Which process is used to synthesize polyamino acids?

Polypeptides are obtained by the ring-opening polymerization of alpha-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs).

问题三：合成聚氨基酸采用哪种工艺？

回答：聚氨基酸是通过α-氨基酸N-羧酐（NCA）的开环聚合获得的。

▍▏Q4: Why is Alamanda's polymerization technique uniquely better?

Our process is superior for several reasons:
- total control over the molecular weight (i.e. chain length) and the composition (for copolymers)
- low polydispersity index (PDI=1.01-1.2)
- no use of metal catalyst, i.e. metal-free polymer

问题四：为什么Alamanda的聚合技术更好？

回答：①完全控制分子量（即链长）和组成（用于共聚物）；②低多分散指数（PDI=1.01-1.2）；③不使用金属催化剂，即无金属聚合物。

▍▏Q5: Why are low polydispersity index and control over the molecular weight important for you?

The polydispersity index (PDI) is a measure of the molecular weight distribution in the polymer. A PDI close to 1 results in polymers with uniform chain length. The control over the molecular weight allows to obtain the exact chain length that you expect. Consequently, our polyamino acids could increase the efficiency of your experiments and save you money by determining the most accurate chain length and composition you need.

问题五：为什么低多分散指数和对分子量的控制很重要？

回答：多分散指数（PDI）是聚合物中分子量分布的量度。接近1的PDI可产生具有均匀链长的聚合物。同时，对分子量的控制有助于获得期望的确切链长。因此，Alamanda聚氨基酸可以提高实验效率，并通过确定所需的最准确的链长和组成来节省资金。

▍▏Q6: Which methods are used to purify Alamanda's polyamino acids?

Typically, polyamino acids are purified after polymerization by precipitation in water or in an organic nonsolvent and, after amino acid side chain deprotection, by dialysis. All water-soluble polymers are finally lyophilized.

问题六：Alamanda的聚氨基酸使用哪些方法纯化？

回答：通常聚氨基酸在聚合后通过在水或有机非溶剂中沉淀进行纯化，在氨基酸侧链脱保护后通过透析进行纯化。所有水溶性聚合物最终都经过冻干。

▍▏Q7: Can Alamanda Polymers provide batch to batch consistency?

Absolutely. The low polydispersity index and control over the molecular weight obtained with our polymerization process produces almost the same polyamino acids from lot to lot.

问题七：Alamanda聚合物能否保证批次间的一致性？

回答：可以保证批次间的一致性。低多分散指数和对聚合工艺获得的分子量的控制可在批次之间产生几乎相同的聚氨基酸。

▍▏Q8: How long have Alamanda's polymerists been synthesizing polyamino acids?

We have been working on NCA polymerization and especially on poly-L-lysine since 1999.

问题八：Alamanda的聚合物合成聚氨基酸做多久了？

回答：自1999年以来，Alamanda一直致力于NCA聚合，特别是聚-L-赖氨酸。

▍▏Q9: Which methods are used to analyze Alamanda's polyamino acids?

The Polydispersity index is measured either on the protected polyamino acids by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) in DMF with 0.1M LiBr at 60°C or on the deprotected polypeptides by GPC in aqueous buffer using, in both cases, a calibration curve that was constructed from narrow polydispersity PEG standards or universal calibration of TALLS. The average molecular weight is provided by TALLS or by proton NMR spectroscopy using the amino acid repeating unit to incorporated initiator peaks integration ratio.

问题九：使用哪些方法分析Alamanda的聚氨基酸？

回答：在0°C下，通过凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）在DMF中用1.60M LiBr在DMF中测量受保护的多分散指数，或在水性缓冲液中通过GPC对去保护的多肽进行测量，在这两种情况下，使用由窄多分散PEG标准品或TALLS的通用校准构建的校准曲线。平均分子量由TALLS或质子NMR波谱法提供，使用氨基酸重复单元掺入引发剂峰积分比。

▍▏Q10: Which counterion do I choose with poly-L-lysine derivatives?

If you don't work in gene therapy, you can choose the least expensive poly-L-lysine derivatives, i.e. trifluoroacetate. No difference has been reported in terms of chemical reactivity. Also, all poly-L-lysine trifluoroacetate chain lengths (PLKF) are soluble in polar organic solvents such DMF, DMSO, NMP or DMA. If you work with DNA and RNA, we strongly advise using chlorinated poly-L-lysine derivatives since differences between trifluoroacetate, hydrobromide, and hydrochloride polymers have been described in the literature.

问题十：聚-L-赖氨酸衍生物应选择哪种抗离子？

如果不从事基因治疗，可以选择最便宜的聚-L-赖氨酸衍生物，即三氟乙酸盐，在化学反应性方面没有差异。此外，所有聚-L-赖氨酸三氟乙酸酯链长（PLKF）都可溶于极性有机溶剂，如DMF，DMSO，NMP或DMA。如果使用DNA和RNA，则建议使用氯化聚L-赖氨酸衍生物。

▍▏Q11: What should I do if my chain length or polyamino acid is not in the catalog?

We can do contract or collaborative custom-synthesis. Please feel free to contact us or at 1-877-alpoly-7 and explain your request. We will answer as soon as possible.

问题十一：如果所需的链长或聚氨基酸不在目录中，该怎么办？

回答：可以联系我们定制合成。

▍▏Q12: How do you ship your products?

We ship all of our polymers at room temperature. Delivery in the U.S. is estimated at 1-2 days from the date of shipment, and most international shipments arrive within 5 days.

问题十二：Alamanda如何运送产品？

回答：在室温下运输所有聚合物。在美国的交货估计为发货之日起 1-2 天，大多数国际货件在 5 天内到达。

▍▏Q13: What are the handling conditions for polyamino acids?

As all our polyamino acids are hygroscopic, a dry room with the least possible humidity level should be used to quickly weigh or handle the polymers. We also strongly recommend sonicating the polyamino acids for 10 minutes after their solubilization, just before using them, in order to remove any aggregates.

问题十三：聚氨基酸的处理条件是什么？

回答：由于Alamanda所有的聚氨基酸都具有吸湿性，因此应使用湿度尽可能低的干燥室来快速称量或处理聚合物。同时强烈建议在聚氨基酸溶解后，使用前将其超声处理10分钟，以去除任何聚集体。

▍▏Q14: What are the storage conditions for polyamino acids?

We recommend storing all polyamino acids dry, below -15°C, and under an inert atmosphere.

问题十四：聚氨基酸的储存条件是什么？

Alamanda建议将所有聚氨基酸干燥、低于-15°C并在惰性气体下储存。